Herb Garden

Gastrointestinal Health and Mucosal Repair
Licorice root has a long history of use as a demulcent and anti-ulcer agent, making it highly effective for gut care. Its primary mechanism involves the stimulation of mucin production, which creates a protective barrier over the stomach lining and esophageal mucosa. [1] Flavonoids found in the root, specifically glabridin and glabrene, have demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori, a primary cause of peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis. [2,3] Clinical trials utilizing specific licorice extracts have shown significant reduction in functional dyspepsia symptoms (indigestion, bloating, and upper abdominal pain) compared to placebo, suggesting strong restorative capabilities for compromised gut health. [4]

Adrenal Support and Cognitive Focus
Relevant to formulations for focus and concentration, Licorice acts as an adaptogen by modulating the adrenal system. The active compound glycyrrhizin inhibits the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2). This inhibition slows the breakdown of cortisol, thereby extending its half-life and helping the body maintain energy levels and combat stress-induced fatigue. [5,6] Furthermore, animal studies suggest that G. glabra possesses nootropic properties; extracts have been shown to improve learning and memory retention via the reversal of chemically induced amnesia and the reduction of brain cholinesterase activity. [7]

Respiratory and Immune Modulation
Beyond the gut and brain, licorice is a well-documented expectorant and antitussive. It reduces the viscosity of mucus in the respiratory tract and alleviates bronchial spasms. [8] Additionally, glycyrrhizin has shown broad-spectrum antiviral activities, modulating the immune response by inducing interferon production and inhibiting viral replication. [9]

Toxicity and Contraindications
While beneficial, G. glabra carries specific toxicity risks related to dosage and duration. The compound glycyrrhizin can induce a condition known as "pseudoaldosteronism," characterized by sodium retention, hypertension (high blood pressure), edema, and hypokalemia (low potassium). [10,11] Consequently, it is generally contraindicated for individuals with existing hypertension or kidney disorders. In terms of reproductive safety, high consumption during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of preterm labor; therefore, caution is advised. [12] However, deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) removes these risks while retaining gut-healing properties, though it removes the cortisol-modulating effects required for adrenal support. [13]