Herb Garden

Metabolic Enhancement and Thermogenesis
Cayenne has a robust clinical history as a metabolic stimulant. The primary mechanism of action is driven by capsaicin, the compound responsible for the pepper's heat. Capsaicin acts as a selective agonist for the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel. [1] Activation of TRPV1 stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in increased catecholamine secretion (epinephrine and norepinephrine). [2] This process induces thermogenesis (heat production) and enhances lipid oxidation, effectively utilizing fat stores for energy. [3] Clinical meta-analyses indicate that regular ingestion of capsaicinoids significantly increases resting energy expenditure and reduces appetite, suggesting a viable application for weight management and metabolic regulation. [4,5]

Cardiovascular Support and Gastrointestinal Protection
Beyond metabolism, Cayenne offers distinct benefits for the cardiovascular and digestive systems. Capsaicin demonstrates vasodilatory properties by stimulating the release of nitric oxide in the endothelium, which may help regulate blood pressure and improve circulation. [6,7] Additionally, despite the misconception that spicy foods cause ulcers, research suggests Capsicum may actually be protective. It stimulates the secretion of gastric mucus and alkali, promoting blood flow to the gastric mucosa and maintaining the integrity of the stomach lining against acid injury. [8] Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory properties inhibit the COX-2 enzyme pathway, offering potential relief for systemic inflammation. [9]

Toxicity
Classed as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for food use. Acute toxicity is rare in dietary contexts; however, the LD50 of pure capsaicin in mice is approximately 47.2 mg/kg (intravenous), though oral toxicity for the whole herb is significantly lower due to absorption rates. [10] The most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal irritation, abdominal pain, or a burning sensation. [11] Caution is advised for individuals with active peptic ulcers or those on anticoagulant medication, as high doses may potentiate bleeding risks. [12]